The annual quest to find the best autumn color has begun. Living in a place where pine trees are by far the most common type of tree can make finding great scenes with autumn color difficult. But it is rewarding when it comes together. Aspens provide most of the color with cottonwoods a close second. Unlike other parts of the country, most of the leaf color tends to be yellow. I’m also not real skilled at creating nice sun stars, but the position of the sun in the above photo required some attempt at it.

I found the above scene later in the day than what I might normally want to photograph it. If I thought the leaves would hold then I’d be tempted to go back in earlier light, but I liked the scene all the same.

In July, I made a post about camera setting I use. That article can be found here. I intended to make a follow-up post much sooner than now, but I finally found the time to write a little more than I usually do. Previously I wrote about the camera type, white balance, shooting mode, and metering. This time I’ll touch on shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. These three settings all tie together. I’ll start with shutter speed. Shutter speed is how fast the camera’s shutter opens and closes. The shutter opens to allow light to reach the sensor. I’m most concerned with shutter speed when photographing wildlife and usually I’m looking for a fast speed to stop movement. In the above photo of the mountain chickadee, I need a fast shutter speed to capture the fast moving bird. In order to achieve the fastest speed, I need to also understand the aperture and ISO. A wide open aperture and higher ISO help to attain a fast shutter speed.

Aperture. While in the chickadee photo I was needed the fastest shutter speed possible, in the above scenic, shutter speed wasn’t important. What is important is that both the near tree and distant mountain are in focus. The camera’s aperture setting is how large the opening will be to let in light to the sensor. The smaller the number then the larger opening. For example, f5.6 is a wide or large opening while f22 is a small opening. Large openings such as f4 or f5.6 also means that the range of focus is very narrow meaning parts of the photo further away from the focus point will be out of focus. A smaller aperture such as f16 means there will be a greater range of focus and more of the scene will be in focus. This is important in both of the above photos because in the chickadee photo, not only do I need a fast shutter speed but I also want the background to be out of focus so the bird stands out well. By using a large aperture of f5.6, I not only get a faster shutter speed but also get an out of focus background. In the mountain photo, I need a greater range of focus. Since there is relatively no motion in the scene and I am using a tripod then I am not as concerned with shutter speed, so I am choosing a f-stop, or aperture setting, that gives a greater range of focus, in this case, f11. ISO. The third part of the equation is ISO. Higher ISO’s result in more noise in the photo file which is generally undesirable. Newer digital SLR cameras can handle higher ISO’s with less noise, but it’s still a concern. So usually I try to use the lowest ISO I can in order to achieve the desired shutter speed and/or aperture. That said, noise can be handled in post processing on the computer, so getting usable shutter speeds and/or apertures is a priority over a lower ISO and I will go higher as needed. I do try to not go over an ISO of 1600 unless I absolutely need to, but that’s just a personal rule. All of this leaves one more question, I think, and that is what mode to shoot in; aperture priority, shutter priority, or manual. I’ll go over these three settings and which I use and when, in another article in the near future.

It’s that time of year in the northern Rockies as aspens and cottonwoods are beginning to reach peak autumn color. It’s been incredibly smoky over the past week or so which means sweeping wide angle photos don’t work well. But more intimate close ups like this tend to work nicely. Rain and cool weather came through yesterday so hopefully that will clear out the smoke and push the trees into peak color. Right now there’s a good mix of green, gold, and brown. We had a hard freeze a few weeks ago, so some trees went straight to brown while others are still green. The peak color only lasts a short time, so hopefully the weather will cooperate.

I missed my usual post on Sunday as I’ve been pretty busy with a special project that I’ll post about shortly and also with photographing a lot of birds, both those migrating and those that will stay the winter. This is a pine siskin taking a bath in the bird bath in my backyard, captured right as it plunged in. I spot metered off the bird so the backyard and most of the foreground fell to black while the bird and water droplets are correctly exposed.

For the past month now, I’ve been focused a lot on photographing hummingbirds here in Montana. Where I live, we have three species, rufous, broad-tailed, and calliope. All three have come through my yard in the past month. Seen here is the calliope hummingbird which is the smallest bird in North America. It weighs less than 3 grams and is about 3 inches long. What it lacks in size, it certainly makes up for in beauty.

Fall migration has been underway for a while now here in Montana and I’ve seen several birds that I usually don’t see in our backyard, including this Nashville Warbler. This is only the second one I’ve ever seen and it found itself a meal in our aspen tree.

I was planning on posting images from my home state of Montana today but then I found this one. We have pine forest behind our yard and several red squirrels call it home. Last year about this time, I noticed a squirrel had a very defined route he used as he gathered pine cones and bought them back to his cache. He would run along the fence to a certain spot then jump to a tree. He did this over and over, so I thought I would set up with a telephoto lens and photograph him in mid-air. Well it wasn’t as easy as expected because there was very little time to react to capture the image for me. I set the focus ahead of time as well as the exposure and after quite a bit of effort was able to come away with a few decent shots, including this one.